Résumé :
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Asking students to document and demonstrate their mastery of learning outcomes or development of competencies (Tardif, 2006) by producing a portfolio engages them in a complex individual task. It is therefore necessary to accompany each of them in this process of "reporting" on his own learning. This research analyzes the "Traces" seminar designed to support the production of a portfolio integrated into two courses of a Master's degree in Education. Students share and discuss the traces of their competence development. However, this seminar does not seem to fulfill all its intentions because many students fail the final evaluation. In the light of the theoretical framework of selfregulation of learning (Cartier & Butler, 2016) as well as various works questioning the use of traces (Cahour & Licoppe, 2010) and accompanying strategies (Poumay, 2017 ; Saint-Pierre, 2004), this article discusses the pedagogical conditions that seem to support the quality of these complex productions. The analyzes make it possible to highlight three levels of needs of the students: to understand the requirements of the activity, to appropriate the process and to evaluate his/her own performance. Better understanding of these could not only help students in their learning, but also support the reflection of teachers and researchers, willing to optimize these activities aimed at an eminently complex performance: reporting on his/her own competence.
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